Factors militating against the teaching and learning of science and technology, in secondary schools

INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
1.1 Nigeria as a society is currently undergoing changes. Since 1997, various governments have made efforts to develop Education especially science Education. Education is the test investment that plays a very important role in the progress of the nation.
Secondary schools in Nigeria are in two stages, first stage which is junior secondary school and senior secondary school is the second stage. At junior level, students study integrated science and others, while in senior secondary level they study pure science like, chemistry, physics and Biology e.t.c.
All schools, subjects have their intrinsic value (intellectual and utilitarian) and science subjects is one of those whose utilitarian and aesthetic value are of the most precious significance to human life and happy living Majasca (1995).
The role of science and technology in a nation’s development can not be over emphasized. Science and technology have become the basic tools for the development of modern society; a measure of the development of a nation can be ascertained from the quality and quality of its basic and applied scientific output J. c Amazigo (2005).
Ezendu (2002) defined science as a body of knowledge, which is acquired through observation and systematic experimentation. According to wikipedia encyclopedia, the word Science comes from the latin word “Scientia” meaning knowledge. Webster’s new collegiate Dictionary, defined science as “knowledge attained through study or “practice”, or knowledge covering general laws. It means that science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge. Also the word science often describes any systematic field of study or knowledge gained from it.
Technology according to wikipedia dictionary is the making usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. The word technology comes from greek word technologia. Techne – means “art, kill, craft” e.t.c, while (-logia) means “study of”. Therefore, from the above definition, technology is a term of art used to encompass the relationship between science and technology.
According to Okecha (1993) science has helped in the development of modern technology through the application of its principles to modern invention. A nation that neither develops a scientifically literate citizenry nor attracts its best minds to the basic science and technology is doomed to remain underdeveloped no matter its natural resources. Any nation with ambitions for development must have its home grown expertise in science and technology.
Nigeria policy makes science and technology communities appear to understand and may accept these basic adequate evolutionary steps to identify solve and address the major factors militating against the teaching and learning of science and technology. For about two decades now, it had become clear that Nigeria’s educational system had been deficient in the production of adequate number of competent manpower in science and technology to man Nigeria schools, Colleges, Universities and Industries. In the past 32years, our secondary Education could not attract the desired talent because of less effort and low investment on the part of the government Nwani (1998) based on the analyzed data, WASSCE result of 2004 – 2008 carried out by ifeanyi (2008), 60% of the students that took science subjects failed. He stressed that if this trend is not properly checked, the development of science and technology in our country stand at risk. One begins to think what could be responsible for the ugly situation. The answer to this question moves the researchers to go into the field to identify the possible factors responsible for the students’ poor performance in teaching and learning of science and technology.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Common observation indicate an alarming rate the certification of unemployable science and technology graduates, who prefer paper certificates to knowledge and skill required for the survival of an individual and the entire society. This trend has really caused the phobia for and lack of interest in science and technology, and it led to uncontrollable examination malpractice in our total school system.
Conspicuous gross incompetence of the science and technology teachers in handling science and technology, mislead the students and the society at large to think that it is very difficult to study science and technology. This incompetence has led to the certification of people better referred to as ignoramus since no one can give what he or she does not have. This condition if not checked in any society theaters to destroy completely the society, manpower and national development among other things and replace them with social crime under development and other.
However the state of teaching and learning of science and technology in our secondary schools become a matter of great concern, from the information available to the researchers, teaching and learning of science and technology has encountered setbacks. The study therefore intended to appraise the factors militating against the teaching and learning of science and technology in secondary schools.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The study aims at determining the factors militating against the
Teaching and learning of science and technology in secondary schools specifically, the purposes of the research were:
1. To find out if the attitude of students contribute to their poor performance in science and technology subjects
2. To find out if the teacher poor method of teaching contribute to students poor performance in learning of science and technology subjects
3. To find out the extent the quality of teachers affect the proper teaching and learning of science and technology.
4. To determine the effect of availability of laboratory equipments on students’ performance in science and technology subjects.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of the study will be useful to a number of
People in different parts of the country. The beneficiaries of this study will include the learners, teachers, parents, the ministries of Education, policy makers in science and technology Education matters, the teacher’s registration council of Nigeria (TRCN), colleges of Education, Universities and industries among others.
The society at large will actualize the goals and aims set in
Education if the hypothesis of this study is supported by the findings and the recommendations implemented by the government, school authorities and other necessary bodies.
The study is important because different sectors will benefit from the findings. To Educational sector, the study will certainly be very important to the students and teachers of science and technology in directing them on what to do in their studies.
To the general society, it will educate the parent and guidance
Counselor to examine the ability of their wards/ children before studying science.
The study will serve as information, informing the government and policy maker those factors militating against teaching and learning of science and technology in our secondary schools.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
These study “the factors militating against the teaching and
Learning of science and technology in secondary schools” in Enugu Education zone of Enugu State.

1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The study will attempt to answer the following research questions:-
(a) Does the attitude of the students contribute to the students’ performance in science subjects?
(b) Does teachers’ poor method of teaching contribute to students’ poor performance in learning of science subjects?
(c) To what extent does the quality of the teachers affect the proper teaching and learning of science and technology subjects?
(d) To what extent does the availability of laboratory equipments affect students’ performance in science and technology subjects?