Gastroenteritis In Primary School Children
(In Enugu Metropolis (6-12 Yrs))
Complete Gastroenteritis In Primary School Children Project Materials (Chapters 1 to 5):
A total of fifty faecal samples were collected form pupils in airport primary school Emene Enugu were used for the study. The duration of the investigation was between February August 2005. These samples were cultured and their causative organisms determined using macconkey agar, deocycholate citrate agar and an alkaline peptone water which was preparect according to manufacturers instruction .
The species of organisms isolated include; escherichia coil 8 (29 %) Klebsiella 5 (18%) Pseudomonas auroginosa 4 (14 %) shigella 3 (11%) proteus 2 (7%) staphylococcus SPP 2 (7%) respectively. These organism have a lot of health implication associated with gastroenteritis.
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
List of table
1.0 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Aims and objectives
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Hypothesis
1.4 Scope/ limitations of study
2.0 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Environmental factor
2.2 Bacterial diseases of the lower alimentary system
2.3 Sources of infection
3.0 CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 material
3.2 Method
3.3 Method of culture
3.4 Plate reading
3.5 Biochemical reaction
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT
CHAPTER FIVE –
Discussion and conclusion
CHAPTER SIX
Reference
Appendices
INTRODUCTION
Gastroenteritis is a disease condition due to the inflammation of the mucous of the stomach and intestine. Many microorganisms contaminating food and water can cause acute gastroenteritis. In most cases it runs its own course over several (days. However it can be a serious condition if the fluid loss is sever enough to cause dehydration. When food is the source of the pathogen the condition is often called food poisoning (Archeson 200)
Gastroenteritis can arise in two ways the microorganisms may actually produce a food borne infection, that is, they may first colonize the gastrointestinal tract and grow within it, then either invade host tissues or secrete exo- toxins (Johnson, 1999).
Alternatively the pathogens may secrete an exo- toxins that contaminates the food and is ingested by the host. This is some times reffered to as food intoxication because the toxins ingested and the presence of the living microorganisms is not required. Because theses toxins of the disrupt the functioning of intestinal mucosa they are called enterotoxins (Sanders and sanders 1997)
Most cases of gastroenteritis are due to viral infection about a half are caused by the rotavirus, first discovered and described at the royal children’s Hospital university of Melbourne in the early 1970 various other virus may cause the same symptoms as well as bacteria like campylobacter protozoa and helminthes. In most cases the precise infective agent is not identified. It is only when symptoms are persisting that stools are sent for microscopy and culture in the laboratory (Nachamkin 1992).
On a global scale gastroenteritis is a massive health problem. About 5 million people die each year, mainly young children in underdevloped countries most deaths are due to dehgdration, in adequate fluid replacement and cirulatory collapse. In Australia, Asia, African and South America an occasional fatality still occurs with gastroenteritis again mainly due to complication of sever dehydration A rotavirus vaccine has been developed in Australia and may eventually have extensive world wide application (Prescott et al 2005).
The main symptoms of gastroenteritis are vomiting diarliea and cramping abdominal pain. Sometimes of fever may also be present. In more severe cases, signs of dehydration may appear a young child may look floppy and pale and the urine out put may be reduced. these signs means that urgent medical assessments and treatment are required.
1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
to determine the prevalenble of gastroenteritis in primary school children
also to implicate in gastroenteritis .
to relate the environment of the pupil to the types of diseases which they acquire from it.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
There are factors in the environment which iduce pior sanitation and the filthy habits of the children ideal for transmission of gastroenteritis, therefore infection rate is expected high.
1.3 HYPOTHESIS
H0 – prevalence of gastroenteritis caused by bacteria and protozoa is common in primary school children
H1 – Although environment favours infection prevalence is not common in primary school children .
1.4 SCOPE LIMITATION OF STUDY
Limited to bacteria and protozoa involved in gastroenteritis as identifiable by the method used.
Technology of viral identification is not feasible within the facities in this laboratory while helminthes parasite were excluded for case of control.
The introduction of Gastroenteritis In Primary School Children should start with the relevant background information of the study, clearly define the specific problem that it addresses, outline the main object, discuss the scope and any limitation that may affect the outcome of your findings
Literature Review of Gastroenteritis In Primary School Children should start with an overview of existing research, theoretical framework and identify any gaps in the existing literature and explain how it will address the gaps
Methodology of Gastroenteritis In Primary School Children should describe the overall design of your project, detail the methods and tools used to collect data explain the techniques used to analyse the collected data and discuss any ethical issues related to your project
Results should include presentation of findings and interpretation of results
The discussion section of Gastroenteritis In Primary School Children should Interpret the implications of your findings, address any limitations of your study and discuss the broader implications of your findings
The conclusion of Gastroenteritis In Primary School Children should include summarize the main results and conclusions of your project, provide recommendations based on your findings and offer any concluding remarks on the project.
References should List all the sources cited in Gastroenteritis In Primary School Children project by following the required citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
The appendices section should Include any additional materials that support your project (Gastroenteritis In Primary School Children) but are too detailed for the main chapters such as raw data, detailed calculations etc.