Pollution Problems And An Engineering Approach To The Management And Control Of Industrial Effluents
(In Otta, Nigeria)
Complete Pollution Problems And An Engineering Approach To The Management And Control Of Industrial Effluents Project Materials (Chapters 1 to 5):
This study investigated the impact of industrial effluent discharges on a selected river in a heavily industrialized community, focusing on both the river’s natural recovery capacity and the treatability of the effluents and receiving water.
The research encompassed a field survey of industrial facilities in the Ado Odo/Otta industrial zone of Ogun State, Nigeria. It involved assessing the physico-chemical, biological, and microbial properties of effluents, as well as their influence on the receiving surface water using established methodologies. Primary data collection included structured questionnaires and interviews to gauge industries’ contributions to water pollution.
To enhance analytical rigor, various scenarios for improving water quality along the studied river were explored. A suite of computer-based hydrogeometric and water quality models, including QUAL2K, was employed. This enabled a detailed analysis of the Atuwara River—a 10.81 km stretch from Owode-Ijako to Iju Water Works—through GPS mapping and regular grab sampling across seven segments, each 0.3 km long.
The study assessed effluent discharges from all industrial sources for priority pollutants like BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, and heavy metals using standard techniques. Effluent samples were compared with pre- and post-discharge river water samples across dry and wet seasons. Model outputs were integrated with GIS to visualize polluted zones, limnographic features, and wetlands within the Atuwara watershed. The most severe effluent scenarios were subject to laboratory-scale treatability tests, employing electro-Fenton alone or followed by Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) type BBC 945 to mitigate heavy metal contamination.
Findings indicated acidic effluents (pH 5.4 – 6.7) year-round, with particularly high BOD and COD concentrations immediately downstream of discharge points. Dissolved oxygen levels remained low (anoxic) at discharge points but improved downstream, particularly near tributary inflows. The river’s assimilative capacity was notably high due to tributary contributions, though peak BOD discharge scenarios reached 12 metric tonnes per day. Heavy metal levels (cadmium, lead, iron) exceeded FEPA standards across all river sections, indicating severe impairment unsuitable for human consumption without adequate treatment.
Effluent treatment experiments highlighted effective COD removal (over 66%) with electro-Fenton treatment at specified H2O2/Fe2+ ratios, enhanced to 86% with subsequent GAC treatment.
To achieve regulatory water quality standards, the study recommends stringent enforcement of effluent load reductions through mandatory, adequately treated in-house processes at controlled discharge rates by industrial firms.
In summary, the Atuwara River was identified as heavily polluted, necessitating urgent regulatory actions and enhanced industrial practices to restore its water quality and safeguard public health and environmental integrity.
The introduction of Pollution Problems And An Engineering Approach To The Management And Control Of Industrial Effluents should start with the relevant background information of the study, clearly define the specific problem that it addresses, outline the main object, discuss the scope and any limitation that may affect the outcome of your findings
Literature Review of Pollution Problems And An Engineering Approach To The Management And Control Of Industrial Effluents should start with an overview of existing research, theoretical framework and identify any gaps in the existing literature and explain how it will address the gaps
Methodology of Pollution Problems And An Engineering Approach To The Management And Control Of Industrial Effluents should describe the overall design of your project, detail the methods and tools used to collect data explain the techniques used to analyse the collected data and discuss any ethical issues related to your project
Results should include presentation of findings and interpretation of results
The discussion section of Pollution Problems And An Engineering Approach To The Management And Control Of Industrial Effluents should Interpret the implications of your findings, address any limitations of your study and discuss the broader implications of your findings
The conclusion of Pollution Problems And An Engineering Approach To The Management And Control Of Industrial Effluents should include summarize the main results and conclusions of your project, provide recommendations based on your findings and offer any concluding remarks on the project.
References should List all the sources cited in Pollution Problems And An Engineering Approach To The Management And Control Of Industrial Effluents project by following the required citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
The appendices section should Include any additional materials that support your project (Pollution Problems And An Engineering Approach To The Management And Control Of Industrial Effluents) but are too detailed for the main chapters such as raw data, detailed calculations etc.