A Survey Into The Degree Of Usefulness Of Shorthand To Modern Secretaries
(A Case Study Of Union Bank Of Nigeria Plc Enugu))
Complete A Survey Into The Degree Of Usefulness Of Shorthand To Modern Secretaries Project Materials (Chapters 1 to 5):
The degree to which shorthand is used in offices has been of serious concern both to students and tutors in secretarial studies. This study investigated the extent to which secretaries make use of shorthand in their day-to-day office work, whether the extent of usage is proportionate to the effort put in learning the skill and whether employers who want secretaries regard shorthand skill as job requirements.
In order to arrive at a c conclusive decision on the above objectives, the researcher carried out a library research, interviews and questionnaires.
The population of this study consisted of sixty secretaries in three branches of Union Bank Plc in Enugu State drawn from secretaries and executives in the banks. Questionnaires and oral interview were used to collect data.
Statistical tools used are simple average and percentage. When the data was analyzed, it was found that shorthand is not extensively used in offices and that the speeds at which employers dictate is between 80 and 100 w.p.m. It was further discovered that executives insist on shorthand skill as a job requirement for secretaries though they do not use it extensively and would not employ a secretary two has no shorthand skill.
It was recommended that as many secretaries prefer to make use of their shorthand skill in their work, the executive should encourage them by dictating rather than writing out correspondents for them. It was further recommended that as shorthand is still considered a job requirement for secretaries, they should strive hard to master this skill in spite of the difficulties encountered in learning it to enable them meet the needs of their employers.
As executive do not dictate at any speed higher than 100 w.p.m., there is need for secretarial training institutions to step down their shorthand speed requirement from 120w.p.m to 100 w.p.m. to relieve the secretaries of the anxiety of the additional 20 w.p.m.
Title page i
Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
Table of content viii
Chapter one
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 4
1.3 Purpose of the study 6
1.4 Delimitation of the study 6
1.5 Significance of the study 7
1.6 Research questions 7
Chapter two
2.0 Review of related literature 9
2.1 The meaning of a secretary 9
2.2 Qualities of a secretary 10
2.3 Training of a secretary 16
2.4 Qualification of secretary 22
2.5 Uses of shorthand and summary 26
2.6 Summary of literature review 32
Chapter three
3.0 Research methodology 33
3.1 Population 33
3.2 Sample and sampling technique 34
3.3 Data collection instrument 35
3.4 Distribution and retrieval of questionnaire 35
3.5 Method of data analysis 36
Chapter four
4.0 Presentation & analysis of data 38
Chapter five
5.0 Discussion & findings, recommendation and conclusion 63
5.1 Summary of findings 64
5.2 Recommendations 65
Limitation 66
Appendix 68
Questionnaire 69
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Office is the management seat of any organization. It is manned by personnel of varying nature. Included in the list of office personnel are secretaries who carry out important secretarial service in our offices.
The national Association International (1978) defined as secretary as “an assistance to an executive, possessing mastery of office skills and ability to assume responsibility without direct supervision, one who displays and makes decisions within the scope of her authority”.
For a person to merit the title “Secretary”, there are certain qualifications he/she must posses not only educationally biut also skills he has to attain. Organizations are becoming more and more achievement oriented and as a result have realized the importance of matching jobs with capable hands in order to achieve efficiency. Each job demands special quality qualifications, skills and characteristics on the part of the performer.
Secretaries strive hard to acquire these skills, which are needed by organizations in their day-to-day activities.
Emphasizing the need to match specific jobs with specific skills, Turner 91972) remarked “to prepare for efficiency in the business world, development must come in all areas to knowledge skills, techniques and personal qualities”. Turner further stressed that “the kind of job we get will depend upon the specific skills we have acquired in schools and how well we use them”. Relating this to secretaries, the basic skills necessary for efficient performance to the office are typewriting, shorthand, book-keeping, filing and operating office machine. IT is however, pertinent to note that there is no consensus as to the exact background education a secretary should possess.
Among the hot skills required of a secretary, much emphasis is often laid on shorthand. This can be testified by the numerous newspaper advertisement for the post of secretaries demanding various speeds in shorthand but unfortunately, no research has been carried out to determine how many of these employers make use of this “Shorthand” skill and at what level they use it.
In highlighting the importance of skill courses to secretaries (Omeanani 1986) argued that a person cannot be a secretary without attaining acceptance level of proficiency to the core subjects of secretarial training of which shorthand is one of them. What is obtained able to work environment the course curricular of institutions of learning.
Commenting on the related issue of the controlling influence of work environment over education, Fusselman, (1982) remarked that “we should not forget that things outside the school matter even more than the things inside the school and govern things inside,” hence, the need to ascertain the degree to which shorthand is used in work places become relevant.
Expressing the fear that the frequency of use of shorthand by secretaries in the office work might not be proportionate with the efforts students make in the study of shorthand, Greg (1971) regretted that in spite of work efficiency that can accumulate from the use of shorthand in the office work, secretaries make little or no use of shorthand skill in their work. He maintains that: Millions of secretaries learnt shorthand but very few use it everyday. There are secretaries in business offices, courtrooms, government offices, committee meetings etc, where it is desirable to have record of the spoken words, yet less of them make use of shorthand.
It is therefore relevant to ask whether the degree to which shorthand is being used in the offices really justifies the efforts being made in the acquisition of the skill. It is comprehendible that the essence of training is realized by what it can be used to achieve afterwards. Guided by Skinner’s (1959) “Principle of learning should be made known to the learners _ is it not paradoxical that some secretaries< in the course of study of shorthand do not have the faintest knowledge of their destination in terms of the level of intensity of using this skill may be subjected to< by the employers. This lack of knowledge creates psychological block in the student’s enthusiasm to make all the necessary efforts to attain the necessary speed level.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A lot of emphasis has been put on the study of shorthand in schools, colleges and universities as a core subject for secretarial training. Students often record a lot of failures on this course. Teachers and student of secretarial studies agree that shorthand is one of the most difficult subjects in the curriculum of secretarial training programme.
De-young (1977) underlines the difficulties associated with the learning and teaching of shorthand in his assertion that educators are constantly looking for ways to improve teaching competence in the secretarial subjects and students on the other hand are also faced with the problem of which learning procedure to adopt in order to conquer the problems posed by shorthand. Presently, little research has been conducted to determine the meeting point between what teachers teach and what the employers want in terms of the degree of proficiency required for office work and how frequently secretaries make use of shorthand in their day-to-day office duties, and the right answers have not yet surfaced. This write up therefore aims to find out how relevant shorthand is to present-day employer. Should shorthand be completely eliminated from the secretarial studies curriculum? Or should it be de-emphasized or left as it is. How often is the skill required in today’s modern office with computers and other communication gadgets available? These and other questions are what this research aims to solve.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to:
1. Determine the extent shorthand is used in Union Bank of Nigeria Plc Enugu.
2. Determine problems inherent in usage of shorthand by these secretaries.
3. Find out whether the degree of usage justifies the efforts normally employed in the acquisition of the skill.
4. Find out whether a person without shorthand skill can work effectively and efficiently as a secretary.
5. Make recommendations on how to make effective use of shorthand in our offices today.
1.4 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study is very wide if it has to be carried out in all Union Banks in Nigeria. The study is delimited, based on the fact that there is no time and material resources to see to the whole nations. This study is delimited to Enugu state only and the findings may not reflect the situation in the whole country. These findings may not be valid for the whole of Union Banks in Nigeria, but, by and large, what happens in Union Bank in Enugu State can be said to apply to in other parts of the country.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will be of tremendous importance to different institutions of learning in Nigeria to know the extent shorthand skills are used in banks (union Bank).
The study will also be useful to the Federal Government of Nigeria in making healthy policies as regard the importation of highly automated in structural material for business students of out time.
Finally, the study will also be very useful to different business organizations in the country to appreciate the maximal use of secretaries with shorthand skill for increased organizational productivity.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following questions were made to guide the researcher in this work.
1. What extent is shorthand used in Union Bank of Nigeria PLC?
2. What problems do secretaries experience in using shorthand in today’s office?
3. Does the degree of shorthand institutes the efforts employed in acquiring the skills?
4. Does a person without shorthand skill work effectively and efficiently as a secretary in banks (union Bank)?
5. What are the possible recommendations to make in order to enhance the use of shorthand in our offices today?
The introduction of A Survey Into The Degree Of Usefulness Of Shorthand To Modern Secretaries should start with the relevant background information of the study, clearly define the specific problem that it addresses, outline the main object, discuss the scope and any limitation that may affect the outcome of your findings
Literature Review of A Survey Into The Degree Of Usefulness Of Shorthand To Modern Secretaries should start with an overview of existing research, theoretical framework and identify any gaps in the existing literature and explain how it will address the gaps
Methodology of A Survey Into The Degree Of Usefulness Of Shorthand To Modern Secretaries should describe the overall design of your project, detail the methods and tools used to collect data explain the techniques used to analyse the collected data and discuss any ethical issues related to your project
Results should include presentation of findings and interpretation of results
The discussion section of A Survey Into The Degree Of Usefulness Of Shorthand To Modern Secretaries should Interpret the implications of your findings, address any limitations of your study and discuss the broader implications of your findings
The conclusion of A Survey Into The Degree Of Usefulness Of Shorthand To Modern Secretaries should include summarize the main results and conclusions of your project, provide recommendations based on your findings and offer any concluding remarks on the project.
References should List all the sources cited in A Survey Into The Degree Of Usefulness Of Shorthand To Modern Secretaries project by following the required citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
The appendices section should Include any additional materials that support your project (A Survey Into The Degree Of Usefulness Of Shorthand To Modern Secretaries) but are too detailed for the main chapters such as raw data, detailed calculations etc.