Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials
Complete Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials Project Materials (Chapters 1 to 5):
Wood has historically been a primary raw material for pulp, paper, and fiber-based products. However, the escalating demand for wood in construction, furniture, fuel, charcoal, and other industries, coupled with concerns about deforestation and wood scarcity in many regions, has spurred interest in exploring non-wood alternatives for paper production. This study aims to investigate plantain stem fiber as a viable substitute for traditional paper through the kraft process. Plantain stem fibers were collected, cut into smaller pieces, and treated with varying concentrations of NaOH + H2O (0.5M, 1.0M, 1.5M, 2.0M) at 60°C for one hour. Once the fibers turned brown, they were blended into pulp, poured into molds, and dried to produce plantain fiber paper. The results revealed that adjusting the NaOH concentration yielded varying dry paper masses (15.4g, 15.2g, 15.0g, 14.4g) and pulp yields (15.6g, 15.0g, 14.8g, 14.6g) respectively. This research demonstrates the potential of plantain stem fiber as a sustainable alternative source for paper production.
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGUERS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Aims and Objectives
1.4 Significance of the Work
1.5 The Scope of work
CHAPTER TWO : LITEERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Studies related to banana fibres
2.2 Studies related to pre-treatments
2.3 Paper and Pulp Industry in Nigeria
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIAL AND METHODS
3.0 Materials used
3.2 Methodology
3.3 Procedure
3.3.1 Collection and preservation of fibre
3.3.2 Pre-Treatment of Plantain Stems
3.3.3 Extraction of Fibre
3.3.4 Drying of plantain fibers
3.3.5 Cooking of plantain stem fibre
3.3.6 Blending of Boiled Fiber
3.3.7 Mold and Deckle
3.4 Process of pulping and paper making
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.0 Plantain Fiber
4.1 Results of Physical Analysis
4.1.1 Grams of Fibre used and amount of paper produced
4.1.2 Time of boiling and fineness of paper
4.1.3 Amount of water used and time for drying
4.1.4 Time for blending and the smoothness of the paper
4.2 Results of Chemical Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendation
REFERENCE
APPENDICES
The introduction of Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials should start with the relevant background information of the study, clearly define the specific problem that it addresses, outline the main object, discuss the scope and any limitation that may affect the outcome of your findings
Literature Review of Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials should start with an overview of existing research, theoretical framework and identify any gaps in the existing literature and explain how it will address the gaps
Methodology of Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials should describe the overall design of your project, detail the methods and tools used to collect data explain the techniques used to analyse the collected data and discuss any ethical issues related to your project
Results should include presentation of findings and interpretation of results
The discussion section of Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials should Interpret the implications of your findings, address any limitations of your study and discuss the broader implications of your findings
The conclusion of Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials should include summarize the main results and conclusions of your project, provide recommendations based on your findings and offer any concluding remarks on the project.
References should List all the sources cited in Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials project by following the required citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
The appendices section should Include any additional materials that support your project (Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials) but are too detailed for the main chapters such as raw data, detailed calculations etc.