Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal
INSTRUCTIONS:
- You are perusing the project material titled “Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal.”
- The project material on Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal is available for instant download.
- Preview Chapter One of Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal at no cost.
- To access the complete project material for Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal, kindly make a donation to support the ongoing maintenance and operation of this website.
- The provided work on Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal is intended solely for academic research purposes and should be utilized strictly as a set of guidelines.
- Our objective in distributing Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal is to aid individuals unfamiliar with project research, specifically writers seeking assistance in this area.
- Kindly refrain from directly replicating the content provided in Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal materials.
- Feel free to reference “Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal” in your work, provided that you paraphrase appropriately.
- Unauthorized reproduction of Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal content is prohibited under our Terms of Use.
- UniProjects assumes no responsibility if you replicate the content of this Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal.
This project was carried out using acid activated coal from Enugu coal and the production of ve4getablew oil was monitored using spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance. It was also perform to check the suitability of activated Enugu coal as a bleaching agent for palm oil.
The Enugu coal samples were collected, size reduced, carbonized and activated with acid (phosphoric Acid) before being used for the bleaching process. The bleaching process lasted for 40minutes and it was absorbed that activated coal is a poor absorber of palm oil.
From the result obtained, it was observed t6hat at different temperature rang of 120oc, 150oc and 180oc of 10g of activated coal mixed with 100ml of palm oil, that the co lour absorbance were 1.65, 1.2 and 0.4 respectively. The optimum amount of 10g at bleaching temperatur4e of 180ocfound to be the best for better bleaching.
It was observed that as the temperature increase, the pe4rcentage colour reduction of the oil increase. Beside, it was observed that the smaller the particle size of the activated coal samples, the higher their effect on the oil and the higher the percentage colour reduction.
TITLE PAGE
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 SCOPE/OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 HISTORY OF PALM OIL
2.1 PROCESSING OF PALM OIL
2.2 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PALM OIL
2.2.1 CAROTENES
2.2.2 FATTY ACIDS
2.2.3 PHOSPHOLIPIDS (PHOSPHATIDES)
2.2.4 GUMS
2.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF PALM OIL
2.3.1 SPOILAGE FACTORS OF PALM OIL
2.3.2 PREVE4NRTIVE MEASURES
2.4 REFINING OF CRUDE PALM OIL
2.4.1 DEGUMMING
2.4.2 NEUTRALISATION
2.4.3 BLEACHING
2.4.4 BLEACHABILITY OF PALM OIL
2.4.5 CHEMICAL BLEACHING
2.4.6 AERATION BLEACHYING
2.4.7 BLEACHING BY ADSORPTION
2.5.0 ADSORPTION
2.5.1 TYPES OF ADSORPTION
2.52 APPLI8CATION OF ADSORPTION PROCESS
2.53 NATURE OF ADSORBENT
2.5.4 STRUCTURE OF ADSORBENT
2.5.5 ADSORPTION EQUIPMENT
2.6 COAL AS AN ADSORBENT
2.6.1 MECHANISM OF COAL FORMATION
2.7 TYPES OF COAL AND ITS PROPERTIES
2.7.1 COAL RANK AND CLASSIFICATION BY RANK
2.7.2 CLASSIFICATION OF COAL
2.7.3 PROPERTIES OF COAL COMMONLY
USED IN CLASSIFICATION
2.7.4 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OFT COAL
2.7.5 CAKING ANDR COKING PROPERTIES
2.76 CALORIFIC VALUE
2.77 ACTIVATED CARBON
2.78 CHEMICAL PROPERTIESOF COAL
2.79 COAL CARBONIZATION
2.80 ADSORPTION PARAMETERS OF ACTIVATED CARBON
CHAPTER THREE
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
3.10 MATERIAL TREATEMENT
3.11 CARBONIZATION OF COAL
3.12 COAL ACTIVATED
3.13 PERCENTAGE APPEARENT POPOSITY OF ACTIVATED COLA
3.34 TREATMENT OF PALM OIL
3.15 BLEACHING OPERATTION
3.16 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BLEACHING
3.17 EFFECT OF PARTICLE SWIZE ON BLEACHING
3.18 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BLEACHING OIL
TEST FOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY
TEST FOR ACID VALUE
TEST FOR SAPONIFICATION VALUE
TEST FOR IODINE VALUE
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 EXPERIMENNTAL RESULT
4.1 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BLEACHING
SPECIFIC GRAVITY VALUE
ACID VALUE
SAPONIFICATION VALUE
IODINE VALUE
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 DISCUSSION
5.2 CONCLUTION/RECOMMENDATION
INTRODUCTION
Nigeria is one of the countries of the world richly blessed with weather favorable for the gr4owth of palm tree, the major source of palm oil.
Research and studies over the years helped in the improvement of the quantity of palm oil and transforming it into a high quality vegetable oil which is one of the aims of this project work. The oil is basically used for cooking and soap making. It may also be used for magarines and vegetable ghee, for shortening in pasteries and bread, for pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, as a lubricant and emulsion for insecticides and as a fuel for diesel engines. However, the extraction of palm oil from its palm fruits have been a major concern. Thanks to advancement in technology that have always proferred solution to save of reeds. Apart from the tradition of palm oil, there is an improved method of extraction of palm oil which include :sterilization, threshing or stripping, milling and digestion, processing/pressing and clarification and finally drying to reduce the content of water.
Moreso, Enugu coal play important role in the extraction of palm oil as an adsorbent material. Adsorption is a very important process in this project, Enugu coal playing the role in refining of palm oil. Refining operation here include neutralizing of free fatty acid, using sodium hydroxide, bleaching to improve flavour and stability which is the major work of Enugu coal and deodorizing to remove odour.
1.1 SCOPE/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this project is to develop the technology of producing vegetable oil with Enugu coal and how to improve the efficiency of the adsorptive ability of Enugu coal. Besides comparing the effect of temperature on bleaching of palm oil, effect of particle size and regenerated coal is very essential.
If you’re referencing specific information, quotes, or ideas from “Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal”, provide a citation in the appropriate format such as APA, MLA, or Chicago.
The title page of downloaded document contains information about the author, editor, and publisher of Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal Project material.
Select “Donate & Download,” on top of “Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal” and upon completing your donation, you will be directed to the download page or you can chat with us for alternative donation methods.
You have the opportunity to upload content similar to “Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal” and receive payment for each download of the material. Engage in a conversation with our representative if you have any Project topics related to Refining Of Vegetable Oil With Enugu Coal.