Construction Of A Microcontroller Based Gate
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T-junction traffic light controller is such a device that will play a significant role in controlling traffic at junctions, to ease the expected increased rush at such junctions and reduce to minimum disorderliness that may arise, as well as allowing the pedestrians a right of the way at intervals rather than being struck down when in a hurry to cross the roads. Such an electrical system with a touch of electronics that control the flow of traffic in a pre-determined sequential pattern at a junction, has its diagram comprising of different components. The power supply unit provides the control unit with specified voltage from primary source. The pulse generator consisting of a timer generates pulse for the system. The clock or counter moderates the signal that enters the decoding logic system. The display unit of each stand consists of led, the first is red in colour, the second is amber in colour and the last is green in colour.
Title Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Figures
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Objective of the Project
1.3 Scope of the Study
1.4 Project Report Organization
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Pre-Emption And Priority
2.3 Special Provisions
2.4 Technology
2.5 Control And Co-Ordination
2.6 Design Layout And Operation Site
CHAPTER THREE
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS
3.1 The Power Supply
3.2 The Voltage Regulator
3.3 Crystal Oscillator
3.4 Paper Capacitor
3.5 The Microcontroller
3.6 System Flow Diagram
3.7 Light Indicator Stage
3.8 Transistors
3.9 Resistors
3.10 Bridge Rectifier
3.11 Electrolytic Capacitor
3.12 Step Down Transformer
3.13 Seven Segment Display
CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEMS OPERATIONAL UNITS
4.1 The Control Unit
4.2 System Analysis
4.3 Choice Of Counter
4.4 The Interface Unit
4.5 Test And Result
4.6 Observation
4.7 Packaging
4.8 Bill Of Engineering Measurement And Evaluation
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Suggestions For Further Research
References
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
In the past, many systems that are designed by man are normally operated manually. This mode of operation is accompanied with many defects or disadvantages. Some of the disadvantages involve stress undergone by the operator; the operator is also exposed to health hazards when carrying out his or her duties. These health hazards might be in terms of electrocution, skin burn or bruises.
To overcome the above mentioned disadvantages that are associated with manual operation of systems, the recent systems are designed with mechanisms that enable them to carry out the required operations automatically. To this effect, the system carries out the required operation by them. The mechanism of the system can only be altered during servicing of the machine. With automatic operation of systems, the stress involved with handling the systems are reduced drastically.
The automatic gate control system is one of the systems that operate automatically. The system simply detects the presence of object at the front of the gate and then, opens the doors of the gate automatically. It
incorporates sensors that are mounted at strategic positions and which has the capability of detecting objects. These systems are used in public offices where people often make use of the doors.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of the design is to practically obtain a system that opens and closes a given gate automatically, when there is presence of cars or persons. The system is designed in such a way that it has sensors that senses the presence of people.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The design and implementation of microcontroller based automatic gate controller utilizes the characteristic operation of both passive and active electronic components such as resistors, capacitors and integrated circuits. The circuit is designed in a prototype forms and it is only meant for indoor demonstration of how the system works. The system also uses a programmable integrated circuit in its control unit. Meanwhile, this project, microcontroller based automatic gate control has sub units such as: Power supply unit The control section
The gate drive section The sensor unit
Fig: 1.1. The block diagram of microcontroller based automatic gate control
THE GATE DRIVE SECTION
THE CONTROL SECTION
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
THE SENSOR UNIT
1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Voltage regulation: this is simply, the control of voltage as needed by the design. Voltage regulation ensures that a specific and steady voltage supply is provided for the system operation. Electromagnetic switch: this is the contact making that exists between terminal of electronic components. These switches are carried through a process known as electromagnetic induction. Examples of devices that can perform this action is the relay. Erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM): this is a type of memory device which can be programmed. The device also has program erasing ability if it is to be reprogrammed.
1.5 PROJECT REPORT ORGANIZATION
Five chapters were covered in the course of design and development of this project. The chapters and their contents are as follows:
Chapter one is the introductory chapter that gives the background of the project, aim and objective, the scope and organization of the project.
Chapter Two handles the literature review; information on previous work relevant to the topic.
In chapter three, I discussed the practical system analysis of the project. Also discussed is the requirement analysis, which is all the information, gathered from a wide research on microcontroller over/under voltage protective system.
Chapter four deals with the design procedure, construction steps, packaging and cost of components.
Chapter five contains the test result, summary, conclusion and recommendations for further work.
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