Design And Construction Of A Microcontroller Based Fan Speed Controller According To Room Temperature

The study is aimed at controlling the speed of the fan automatically mounted on a condenser using Arduino and temperature sensor. Fan speed needs to be manually controlled every time but by using this idea the speed of the fan will be automatically adjusted according to the surrounding environment. The project is based on the concept of the internet of things (IOT). According to the temperature sensed by temperature sensor the resistance of the fan will be adjusted to change the fan speed. It’s fairly straight forward to use. However. Needs a careful arrangement to grab information. Arduino and LCD will get power from the same fan connection. So that less battery power is used. The temperature will automatically control. Here Auduino code is used. In this proposed system. It takes comparatively less time to process. It requires additional devices. External clock and for programming. It requires development system.

 

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of this Digital Temperature Controller is to control the temperature of any device like fan or any other electronic devices whose temperature keeps fluctuating and thus requires a constant watch on the device. The use of this system eliminates constant watching on the device by self controlling the temperature of the system.

This work consists of digital temperature sensors for more accurate temperature control in various industries. This system overcomes the disadvantages of thermostat/analog systems in terms of accuracy. This system can be used in any firm or organization where it is very important to maintain precise temperatures. LCD display is used to display the temperature and when the temperature exceeds the set limit.

The system uses a digital temperature sensor in order to detect temperature and pass on the data to the microcontroller. The 8051 microcontroller processes data and sends the temperature to be displayed on LCD screen. The display consists of 7 segment display unit to display up to 4 numbers. It consists of 4 push buttons for setting the high and low temperatures. Pressing set button allows user to increment and decrement high and low temperatures. After that the system detects temperature and switches the load when it goes beyond set limits.

1.2                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Nowadays, the fan is widely used especially in warm countries including Nigeria. Usually the conventional fan is always cooling the room depending on the fixed regulator setting and is not automatically adjusted for the comfort of the users. In the fan control field, excellent real-time, high reliability, and good intelligence are proposed by many researchers. The traditional PID algorithm is, in fact, still playing a main role in the control process. The air conditioning system has becoming a field to be researched to improve the user convenience by applying intelligent system such as LM35.

While the enhanced fan is being designed, the consideration of the type of control system must be included in a modeling design. In particular the controller must be able to avoid the inefficiency of having the fan operate all the time. Several control options were considered at presence sensing circuit, which would turn the fan off when people are not in the room with the fan and a temperature sensor input, which would change the fan operation depending on room temperature [1]. Based on the observation of the using the present conventional fan application, it always working all the time without a systematic control. Therefore, the control of the fan is adjusted through a feedback control system to monitor and maintain a constant temperature based on the data input from the sensor.

1.3                            OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objectives of this project are:

1. To control the speed of a fan according the set room temperature.
2. To design a controller using temperature sensor.
3. To analyses the performance of the

1.4                                                              PROBLEM STATEMENT

The problem happens when the fan is still functioning although in the event of cold weather. The function is uncontrolled and must be manually turned on and off. Sometimes it can lead to high usage of electricity which in turn raises the electricity bill when the user forgot to switch it off. The system also does not have the capacity to adjust the room temperature regardless of the ambient temperature. To address the problem, the automatic room temperature control that can control the temperature automatically is proposed.

1.5                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of this Digital Temperature Controller is to control the temperature of any device like fan or any other electronic devices whose temperature keeps fluctuating and thus requires a constant watch on the device.

1.6                                  SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Below are the scopes of the project:

1. The controller used is LM35 sensor
2. Inside and outside room temperature are used in the controller

• The analysis controller performance in terms of automatic temperature control based on the speed of compressor of air conditioning

1.7                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device can be used for temperature control electrical appliances such as:

1. Air conditioner
2. Refrigerator

• Fan,

1. furnace etc.
2. homes
3. industries

1.8                          SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1. The advantages of such a system are less energy usage, and provides more convenient to the consumers.
2. This will help in saving the energy / electricity.

1.9                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this work was discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.