Design And Fabrication Of A Kerosine Powered Refrigerator

ABSTRACT

This paper briefly discusses on eliminating usage of electricity to run the refrigerator by replacing the refrigerants that were used widely by kerosene which only requires capillary tube to expand and absorb heat from the surroundings.

To contribute to the development of Engineering and Technology innovations. The research work carried out in this project will help greatly in that direction. We emphasised mainly on modern methods by which a refrigerator can be operated and maintained we also included the method used in design and fabrication, assembly and arriving at knowing the safety requirement.

During the process of production of this refrigerator, cost estimate is taken into consideration with durability of materials, portability of the product was also considered.

NOMENCLATURE

M        =          Mass

A         =          Area

S          =          Entropy

V         =          Volume

M        =          Mass Flow Rate

D         =          Diameter

G         =          Gravity

V          =          Density

T          =          Temperature

H         =          Enthalpy Difference

Q         =          Heat Quantity

M        =          Latent Heat of Fusion

gr        =          Equivalent Load

L          =          Length

P          =          Pressure

U         =          Internal Energy

R          =          Thermal Conductivity

X          =          Thickness of Material

COP    =          Co-efficient of Performance

Q         =          Heat Transfer Per Area

HP       =          Horse Power

Vs        =          Swept Volume

AC       =          Alternative Current

C          =          Specific Heat

O         =          Gauge

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Dedication

Acknowledgment

Abstract

Table of Contents

Chapter ONE

• Introduction
  • Background of the study
  • Problem Statement
  • Aim And Objectives Of The Project
  • Scope Of The Study
  • Application Of The Project
  • Significance of the project
  • The need for refrigerator

Chapter TWO

• literature review
  • Review of the study
  • The air refrigeration system
  • Vapour absorption refrigeration system
  • Principle of operation absorption refrigeration system
  • Component parts of refrigeration
  • Historical background of refrigerator

Chapter THREE      

3.0      Methodology

• Method used
• Working fluids
• The components of the kerosene refrigerator
• Components workings

Chapter FOUR

4.1      Refrigerant selection

• Determination of flow rate
• Condenser
• Evaporation
• Insulation
• Capillary tube
• Heat balance for the system
• Coefficient of performance (c.o.p)
• Fitting of the evaporator
• Other assembly
• Material cost value

Chapter FIVE

• Conclusion and recommendation
• Conclusion
• Recommendation

References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                      INTRODUCTION

1.1     REFRIGERATOR SYSTEM

Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from a substance and transfers it to another. It is also the science of production and maintaining a temperature below that of a surrounding atmosphere. That is, is the act of removing heat from a substance to be cooled Robet (2011).

In any refrigeration system, the maintenance of low temperature requires the continuous removal of heat from the product at low temperature and the discharge of heat at higher temperature.

The pressure surrounding a liquid affects the escape of the molecule. As the temperature increase the molecules acquires kinetic energy (velocity) and escape.

Refrigeration is accomplished through this method. Refrigeration therefore is that branch of engineering which deals with the principle of lowering the temperature of au insulated enclosure by extracting heat and rejecting to the surrounding with the aid of liquid refrigerant Robet (2011).

Rather than been dependent on electricity to run a compressor, kerosene absorption Refrigerators uses heat source to provide the adequate energy is refrigerator process is called Absorption Refrigerator. This refrigerator is popular where electricity is unreliable, costly, or unavailable e.g here in Africa where electricity is very unreliable. An Absorption refrigerator is similar to a regular compressor i that the refrigeration takes place by evaporating a liquid with a very low boiling point. In both cases when the liquid evaporates or boils, it takes some heat away with it, and can continue to do so either until the liquid is all boiled, or until everything has become cold that the sub-zero boiling point has been reached. The difference between the two is how the gas is changed back to liquid so that it may be used again.

1.2                                               PROBLEM STATEMENT

Due to erratic nature of power supply in developing countries such as Nigeria and considering the unavailability of electricity in several remote areas to run the refrigerator. To solve this problem, kerosene which is generally used for the cooking purpose can also be used for the refrigeration purpose.

1.3                               AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

A refrigerator often called a fridge is a cooling appliance comprising a thermally insulated compartment and a mechanism to transfer heat it to external environment, cooling the content to temperature below ambient. This work is aimed at building an absorption refrigerator that uses kerosene as it’s heat of source in a mechanical workshop. The objectives of the study are :

1. To fabricate the fridge
2. To discuss in details the vapour absorption systems.

• To study mode of operation which forms the basis of the work.

1. It also demonstrates practically how the various components of a refrigeration system function.
2. It is meant to educate and encourage students who may like to embark on similar project in future, using the available raw materials.

1.4                                                SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this work focused on a kerosene refrigerator is fabricated and how an absorption refrigerator that uses kerosene as its heat source for the refrigeration is used. The details of different vapour absorption system and their mode of operation will be studied to form the basis of the work. The use of absorption kerosene refrigerator will reduce the risk of toxic substance resulting from the conventional refrigerator (Ammonia NH₃).

1.5                                       APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Kerosene powered refrigerator is used preservation and drink refrigeration of food stuff and drink and it can also be used for camping and in our various homes.

1.6                        SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

As a student of mechanical engineering, this work exposed me to working principle of a kerosene powered refrigerator, construction procedure and troubleshooting guide to help me address the most common problems you may encounter with your air conditioner. With this work I was able to explain how to build kerosene powered refrigerator.

1.7                         THE NEED FOR REFRIGERATOR

Stages of refrigeration review

House ho1d/Domestic Refrigerator: with the achievement or reliable in modem hermetic mechanical refrigeration system of small house – power size, emphasis is now placed on improving the appearance utility and convenience. Some micro —organisms such as bacteria, yeast and mold causes spoilage of food material such as meat, dairy products, eggs, fruits, vegetable etc. at normal temperature these organism become more active, causing decomposition of such food item at high rate depending on the condition and type of food product but if the temperature of these is greatly reduce the activities of these organism is also reduce if not completely render in active. This makes it possible to keep food for a long period of time. It is also use to reduce the temperature of water and soft drink for domestic consumption.

Commercial Purpose: not only is food preserve in our various home today, but commercial preservation of food is one of the most important application of refrigeration. Commercial preservation and transportation of food is also common that we be difficult to do without refrigerated food in America and Britain. The food that appears in the above named countries are produce. packaged, shipped, stored, and preserved by refrigeration.

Transportation: without the different types of modem refrigeration in store, warehouse, aircraft, railway, cars, stock and ships, the storage and the transportation of all types of perishable good would be impossible.

As a result, we are not limited to the engagement of fruits vegetables and other product growth locally at any given time of the year, but we can have food product from the distance lands an4 other part of the country.

Economic Growth: refrigeration has helped the economy of many areas by providing a means preserving their product enrooted to remote area for consumers.

Hospital: Refrigerators are used in the hospitals for the preservation of bone, blood tissue and some drugs that are to be kept under a particular temperature. It is also pay and important roles in the act of keeping dead body in the mortuaries from being decayed.