Utilization Of Groundnut Husk For The Production Of Fiberboards
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TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATIONÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â II
CERTIFICATION.                                                                                                                                                             III
DEDICATION.                                                                                                                                                                    IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….V
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….VIII
LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………VIII
CHAPTER ONE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
1.0 BACKGROUNG OF STUDY……………………………………………………………………………………………. 9
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM……………………………………………………………………………………..12
1.2 OBJECTIVES…………………………………………………………………………………………………..12
1.3 SCOPE………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13
1.4 JUSTIFICATION ……………………………………………………………………………………13.
CHAPTER TWO ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………………………………………………………………………………15
2.1 REVIEW OF THE STUDY………………………………………………………………………………………………….15
2.2 EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF GROUNDNUT HUSK………………………………………………………………………………………………….16
2.3 ADVANTAGES OF GROUNDNUT HUSK BASED FIBERBOARDS………………………………………………………………………………………………….16
CHAPTER THREE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS ………………………………………………………………………………………….19
3.1 MATERIALS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19
3.2 METHODS…………………………………………………………………………….19
3.3 PROPERTIES OF THE FINAL PRODUCT………………………………………………………………………………………………………….20
3.4 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS …………………………………………………………………………………………………….20
3.5 CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..20
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….21
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 HEATER COIL Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 21
FIGURE 2 BATTERYÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 22
FIGURE 3 SOLAR PANELÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 23
FIGURE 4 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAMÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 24
FIGURE 5 CONNECTION DIAGRAM.                                                                                               25
FIGURE 6 X-RAY VIEW OF SOLAR ELECTRIC COOKER ……………………………………….28
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 Electrical Characteristics and ratings of 200W and 180W solar panel                          23
TABLE 2 Design Specifications And Analysis                                                                        27
CHAPTER 1
1.0 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Groundnut botanically known as Arachis pogeae belongs to the leguminous Family[1], it is grown mainly for seed and oil worldwide, it is the fourth largest oil seed produced in the world, Nigeria is the third largest producer in the world with 10% of global production and number 1 in Africa with 39% total production(According to NEPC 2021 website).
A complete seed of groundnut is called a pod and the outer layer of the groundnut is called a shell, Groundnuts are the leftover product obtained after the removal of groundnut seed from its pod, it has a very slow degradation rate under natural conditions, every year million tons of quantity is left in the environment.
Groundnut shell is used as a fuel, filler in cattle feed, hard particle board, etc.
Groundnut shell fibers possess good physical strength properties, groundnut shells are rich in many functional compounds and composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, However, recent research has shown that groundnut shells can be used to make fiberboards, a type of engineered wood product.
Fiberboards are made by breaking down wood fibers, such as those found in groundnut shells, into fine pulp. This pulp is then mixed with a binding agent, such as resin, and pressed into sheets. The resulting material is strong, durable, and lightweight, making it suitable for a variety of applications.
There are several advantages to using groundnut shells to make fiberboards. For one, it is a sustainable and environmentally-friendly option, as it makes use of a waste product that would otherwise be discarded. Additionally, groundnut shells are abundant and widely available, making them a readily-accessible and cost-effective material.
Furthermore, groundnut shell fiberboards have several unique properties that make them suitable for specific applications. For example, they have a high resistance to moisture and fungi, making them suitable for use in outdoor or damp environments. They also have a high density and strength-to-weight ratio, which makes them suitable for use in structural applications.
In conclusion, groundnut shells have the potential as a raw material for making fiberboards. The use of this waste product not only offers environmental benefits but also offers unique properties that make the resulting fiberboards suitable for specific applications.
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
This Project addresses two major problems which are Deforestation and Environmental Pollution.
Fiberboard is a type of engineered wood product that is made from wood fibers, which are gotten from trees, hence Deforestation. As the world is looking to tackle climate change, the felling of trees has to be reduced to protect the earth’s ecosystem.
In terms of Environmental pollution, Groundnut shells are littered all over the place or packed up and burnt causing the emission of Carbon. This can be because people don’t know how to recycle it YET.
This project seeks to contribute to the research that Fiberboard made from Groundnut shell fiber is a cheaper, less work and profitable replacement for boards made from the felling of trees.
This project also identifies a way of turning waste to wealth by utilizing the Groundnut Husk.
1.2 OBJECTIVES
These are the objectives for this project:
- To Produce Fiberboards from groundnut husk
- Mechanical testing of Groundnut husk particle board
- Characteristics of the Fiberboard for moisture resistance
1.3 SCOPE
This work looks at the utilization of Groundnut Husk in North central zone of Nigeria in the production of Fiberboards using Mechanical processing, it will be tested for impact, tension and compression.
1.4 JUSTIFICATION
Using groundnut shells to make fiberboards is a sustainable and cost-effective Option.
Groundnut shells are a waste product of the groundnut industry and using them to make fiberboards reduces the amount of waste that would otherwise end up in landfills.
Additionally, Groundnut shells are a renewable resource, which means they can be replenished over time. Making Fiberboards from groundnut shells also requires less energy and resources than using wood, which makes it a more environmentally friendly option, it will be a source of income for farmers also. It will also help in creating jobs for youths.
Additionally, using groundnut shells to make Fiberboards can help support the groundnut industry and provide an additional source of income for Farmers.
Overall, using groundnut shells to make fiberboards is a smart and sustainable choice.
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